Appendix: Scientific References

Caffeine USP: Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Lejeune MP, Kovacs EM. Body weight loss and weight maintenance in relation to habitual caffeine intake and green tea supplementation. Obes Res. 2005 Jul;13(7):1195-204. Ryu S, Choi SK, Joung SS, Suh H, Cha YS, Lee S, Lim K. Caffeine as a lipolytic food component increases endurance performance in rats and athletes. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2001 Apr;47(2):139-46. Wilcox AR. The effects of caffeine and exercise on body weight, fat-pad weight, and fat-cell size. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1982;14:317-321. Arciero PJ, Gardner AW, Calles-Escandon J, Benowitz NL, Poehlman ET. Effects of caffeine ingestion on NE kinetics, fat oxidation, and energy expenditure in younger and older men. Am J Physiol 1995;268:E1192-8. Zhang Y, Wells JN. The effects of chronic caffeine administration on peripheral adenosine receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1990;254:757-63. Hetzler RK, Knowlton RG, Somani SM, Brown DD, Perkins RM, 3rd. Effect of paraxanthine on FFA mobilization after intravenous caffeine administration in humans. J Appl Physiol 1990;68:44-7. Powers SK, Dodd S. Caffeine and endurance performance. Sports Med 1985;2:165-74. Evodiamine: Capsaicin-Like Anti-Obesity Activities of Evodiamine From Fruits of Evodia Rutaecarpa, a Vanilliod Receptor Agonist. Kobayashi Y, Nakano Y, Kizaki M, Hoshikuma K, Yokoo Y, Kamiya T. Planta Med. 2001 Oct; 67(7): 628-633 Antianoxic Action of Evodiamine, an Alkaloid in Evodia Rutaecarpa Fruit. Yamahara J, Yamada T, Kitani T, Naitoh Y, Fujimura H. J Ethnopharmacol. 1989 Nov; 27(1-2): 185-192 Inhibitory Effect of Evodiamine on Aldosterone Release by Zona Glomerulosa Cells in Male Rats. Hung PH, Lin LC, Wang GJ, Chen CF, Wang PS. Clin J Physiol. 2001 Jun 30; 44(2): 53-57 Antianoxic Action and Active Constituents of Evodia Fructus. Yamahara J, Yamada T, Kitani T, Naitoh Y, Fujimura H. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1989 Jul;37(7):1820-1822 Advances in Pharmacological Study of Evodia Rutaecarpa and its Effective Constituents. Zhong Yao Cai. 2003 Apr;26(4):295-298 Naringin: Fuhr U, Maier A, Keller A, Steinijans VW, Sauter R, Staib AH. Lacking effect of grapefruit juice on theophylline pharmacokinetics. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1995 Jun;33(6):311-4. Fuhr U, Klittich K, Staib AH. Inhibitory effect of grapefruit juice and its bitter principal, naringenin, on CYP1A2 dependent metabolism of caffeine in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1993 Apr;35(4):431-6. L-Taurine-Ethyl-Ester-HCL: Seidl R, Peyrl A, Nicham R, Hauser E. A taurine and caffeine-containing drink stimulates cognitive performance and well-being. Amino Acids. 2000;19(3-4):635-42. Reyner LA, Horne JA. Effi cacy of a ‘functional energy drink’ in counteracting driver sleepiness. Physiol Behav. 2002 Mar;75(3):331-5. Glucuronolactone and Glucose Metabolism in Rat Adipose Tissue. Trahan L, Marsot P, Page E. Rev. Can. Biol., vol. 29, no 1, (1970) Mar: 7-17 Effects of D-Glucuronolactone, L-Gulonolactone and Penitols on Insulin Secretion in Dogs. Kuzuya T, Kanazawa Y, Kikuchi M, Ide T. Endocrinol. Japan (1973), 20 (4):369-374 Effects of Glucuronolactone and the Other Carbohydrates on the Biochemical Changes Produced in the Living Body of Rats by Hard Exercise. Tamura S, Tsutsumi S, Ito H, Nakai K, Masuda M. Jap. J. Pharmac. (1968), 18: 30-38 Di-Caffeine Malate: Exercise-Induced Alterations of Hepatic Mitochondrial Function. Tate C, Wolkowicz P, McMillin-Wood J. Exercise-induced alterations of hepatic mitochondrial function. Biochem J. 1982 Dec 15;208(3):695-701 The Role of Malate in Hormone-Induced Enhancement of Mitochondrial Respiration. Bobyleva-Guarriero V, Wehbie R, Lardy H. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics (1986) Vol. 245, No. 2, March: 477-482 The Role of Malate in Exercise-Induced Enhancement of Mitochondrial Respiration. Bobyleva-Guarriero V, Lardy H. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics (1986) Vol. 245, No. 2, March: 470-476 Effect of Malic Acid Salts on Physical Working Capacity and its Restoration After Exhausting Muscular Work. Dunaev V, Tishkin N, Milonova N, Belay A, Makarenko S. Farmakol Toksikol (1988) May-Jun; 51(3):21-25 Treatment of Fibromyalgia Syndrome with Super Malic: a Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Crossover Pilot Study. Russell IJ, Michalek JE, Flechas JD, Abraham GE. J Rheumatol. 1995 May;22(5):953-8

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